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Title: Beyond Freedom & Dignity by B. F. Skinner ISBN: 0-87220-627-0 Publisher: Hackett Publishing Company Pub. Date: 01 March, 2002 Format: Paperback Volumes: 1 List Price(USD): $8.95 |
Average Customer Rating: 4.18 (11 reviews)
Rating: 5
Summary: Toward Knowledge and Usefulness
Comment: This is a great book. It argues that:
1) the human race faces great and urgent problems, such as overpopulation and habitat destruction.
2) we don't behave all that well: we're having difficulty addressing the urgent problems.
3) a scientific approach may be able to help.
4) indeed, a "technology of behavior" is being developed and shows promise. This includes Skinner's experimental findings and conclusions, for example, the role of operant conditioning and the limitations of punishment.
5) Using this emerging technology of behavior, individuals can manage themselves better (as Skinner demonstrated with himself). As a race, we should also be able to use this technology to manage ourselves collectively better.
6) We are being managed (i.e. controlled) anyway, often by forces we either aren't aware of or don't grasp the impact of.
7) If we took control of this technology of behavior, applying it as it is and developing it further, we might be able to save ourselves from the urgent problems that confront us.
8) A key obstacle to the application and further development of this technology is our belief that we are somehow ultimately free of external causes. We believe in free will (freedom or autonomy) and consequently we take credit ( feel dignity) for things we really don't have much or any control over.
9) If we look at the explanations we offer on the basis of our freedom and dignity, we may see that they cover up huge areas of ignorance we have as to why we behave as we do. And if we look at our behavior, we see that we don't control it as much as we think we can (consider the problem people have with obesity or addiction) and we take credit for things we aren't responsible for (including what now appear to be genetic endowments).
10) By attributing things to our "free will", we tend to ignore the real events that influence us, and by so doing we fail to learn from them.
11) If we worked together to look at what really is influencing us and at how we do and can influence others, we might be able to shift ourselves toward being more altruistic and more effective, i.e. we might be able to overcome the big problems that we are currently creating.
Better ways of managing ourselves may mean better ways to manipulate others, but it may also mean that people will be better informed so as to counter manipulations and join, where appropriate, in managing themselves better. At least with an open, scientific process, we have a chance of learning and improving the process ourselves, instead of floundering into disasters due to half-baked concepts about ourselves.
It may make no sense to you to chuck your "autonomous person" yet, but there's no need to. The important thing is to take a little time to learn what Skinner and other behaviorists have learned and try to apply it to help yourself ... and others. You may find yourself stepping beyond freedom and dignity toward knowledge and usefulness ... and that may feel like a good thing.
Rating: 5
Summary: Very "Reinforcing"
Comment: In the United States, we witness the cult of the individual to the extreme. Inmates are executed while crime flourishes. People of low economic status are designated as "losers." Drug usage is seen as an issue of individual "responsibility." When it comes to school shootings, the media hints to individual flaws. Millions are tossed in jails as the U.S. becomes a police state. Banalities such as "where are the parents" and "random acts of kindness" abound. Despite the substantial drop in crime rates under Reno's justice department, many social issues, such as race riots to school shootings, just won't go away.
What's the problem? Global, deterministic "Human nature?"
It turns out humans are more pliant than archaic "original sin" perceptions of humanity. This is a nifty work, written in people-speak. Skinner does a great job dissecting the ideas of freedom and dignity, presenting what they mean in behaviorist terms. He advocates a design of a culture to create a more humane reality. As we adopt a scientific worldview of the human being, we should be able to troubleshoot many problems. Or create them -- as seen by corporations who can train humans to smoke cancer sticks and other crazy behaviors.
A devastating critique of libertarianism from one of the greatest psychologists of the 20th century. Very cool.
Rating: 5
Summary: More than simply Stimulus-Response psychology
Comment: Anyone who accuses B. F. Skinner of championing a mechanistic, stimulus-response psychology needs to read this book! In it, Skinner takes the reader on an exercise in looking at the world and our place in it through the lenses of personal learning history and the cultural context influencing what is important (primarily Euro-American---but one can only handle so many things at once.) Although, as other reviews have written, some of the terms and circumstances date the book, the themes contained within remain valid.
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Title: Walden Two (Trade Book) by B. F. Skinner ISBN: 002411510X Publisher: Pearson Education Pub. Date: 01 March, 1976 List Price(USD): $5.95 |
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Title: About Behaviorism by B. F. Skinner, Burrhus Frederic, Skinner ISBN: 0394716183 Publisher: Vintage Books USA Pub. Date: 01 February, 1976 List Price(USD): $12.00 |
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Title: Science and Human Behavior by Burrhus Frederic Skinner ISBN: 0029290406 Publisher: Free Press Pub. Date: 01 March, 1965 List Price(USD): $18.95 |
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Title: The Ego and the Id (The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud) by Sigmund Freud, James Strachey ISBN: 0393001423 Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company Pub. Date: 01 April, 1962 List Price(USD): $10.95 |
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Title: Behaviorism by John B. Watson ISBN: 1560009942 Publisher: Transaction Publishers Pub. Date: 01 June, 1998 List Price(USD): $21.95 |
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