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Title: The Indian Frontier, 1763-1846 (Histories of the American Frontier (Paperback)) by R. Douglas Hurt ISBN: 0-8263-1966-1 Publisher: University of New Mexico Press Pub. Date: 01 September, 2002 Format: Paperback Volumes: 1 List Price(USD): $23.95 |
Average Customer Rating: 5 (1 review)
Rating: 5
Summary: Excellent History with a Different Perspective
Comment: This is not a standard listing of Indian wars when describing what happened to the Native American Indians but what happened to them from the encroachment of several nations. The Americans, British, Spanish and French all had effects on the natives creating different policies and treaties. The book starts from the end of the French Indian War when the French become neutralized opening westward expansion. But the book delves immediately into the Spanish attempts to conquer the west particularly Texas, New Mexico and California. Using missions and the Catholic Church to create Missions or Presidios, the Spanish make attempts to subjugate the natives by forcing their religion on them and virtually making them slaves. Many tribes withdraw into the interior and the effects of disease are devastating reducing the populations tremendously. Hurt notes the enterprising trading of the Chinooks and how they were able to deal with the multiple cultures of Europeans. The author notes that Jefferson originated the plan to move natives west of the Mississippi. President Jackson manipulated breaking treaties on technical grounds arguing that State's rights could nullify Federal treaties forcing the removal of the Creeks, Choctaws, and Cherokees. Chickasaw and others. Fascinating that the author pinpoints how government leaders created divisions between full bloods and mixed bloods and among the splinter groiups of tribes to get legal signings that did not always represent the majority. Also, the author speaks of the attempts at confederation of several tribes such as the Shawnees, Miamis, Delewares, Wyandots, and Ottawas etc. to defeat white expansion. Success is shocking initially to the Americans as General Arthur St. Clair's army suffers a far worse defeat casualty wise than Custer's troop as he loses 623 dead and 250 wounded in 1791. Inevitably, the flourishing attempts of resistance are put down requiring natives to move further west causing their own conflicts with the plains Indians. In addition, the book covers accounts of tribes in conflict such as the Comanche who fought the Apache and the some unique forms of tolerance. An example is the New Mexicans tolerated the Comanche raiding Mexico for horses passing through New Mexico as long as the Comanche didn't attack them. Certainly stressed Mexican and American relations. Gruesome account of how the Mexican government attempted to use rewards fostering professional scalp hunters to eradicate the Apache who preyed on their undermanned frontier. This book sets the course of understanding how the natives were force to move or in some cases eradicated due to disease from white contact. This is an excellent book for a platform into the Plains Indian conflicts.
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