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Title: Ancient Mystery Cults (Carl Newell Jackson Lectures) by Walter Burkert ISBN: 0-674-03387-6 Publisher: Harvard University Press Pub. Date: 01 October, 1989 Format: Paperback Volumes: 1 List Price(USD): $16.95 |
Average Customer Rating: 4.5 (2 reviews)
Rating: 5
Summary: Lucid ideas about ancient mystery cults.
Comment: I recommend this book as an introduction for everybody who is interested in this daunting subject. Daunting, because it was forbidden for the initiated to speak about the mystery. Nearly everything we know (besides artwork - Athens - architectural sites) came to us indirectly (e.g. the formidable play 'Bakchai' by Euripides).
Furthermore, all sanctuaries were destroyed after the imperial decrees (391/392) of Theodosius the Great prohibiting all pagan cults.
The author analyses 5 mystery cults : Eleusis, Meter, Isis, Mithras, and the Dionysian and Bacchian mysteries.
As we can learn from the work of Karl Kerenyi, the influence of Eleusis on Christianity should not be underestimated. Apparently, through the myth of Demeter/Persephone, the initiated were 'shown' that there was life after death. Plato was initiated (as nearly all Roman emperors) and as Hannah Ahrendt tells us in her book 'The origins of Totalitarianism', Plato must be considered as one of the fathers of the Christian creed.
For the mysteries of Mithras, I recommend the work of J. Vermaseren.
As Burkert states, most of the mysteries were expensive clubs and the experience was purely individual. That is the reason why they disappeared so rapidly: they lacked any lasting organization as the Christian Church. Another reason for Burkert was the inclusion of the family as the basic unit of piety in Christianity. The Church got the upper hand for demographic reasons.
Contrary to Burkert, we know from the work of Kerenyi on Eleusis that the taking of drugs (the kykeon) was important (it was taken after a longer period of fasting).
Burkert gives us a very good summary indeed.
Rating: 4
Summary: A great book, but one side of an argument
Comment: Walter Burkert is one of the greatest scholars of the twentieth century in the field of ancient Greek religion, and this contribution is an excellent book which, for the most part, lives up to such a standard. I recommend it to any and all students of Greek religion who are looking to expand their knowledge of the particulars of mystery cults and what they were all about. I do, however, have reservations about recommending it as an overview or introductory work for laymen or students just getting interested in the subject. Burkert's methodology, while a great improvement over the "myth and ritual" debates which dominated earlier scholarship, is very much oriented in a psychological viewpoint which sees ancient mystery religion as somehow fundamentally less psychologically satisfying than religions like Christianity ("confessional" religions). In every chapter he tries to make the point that these cults were nothing like early confessional religions like Christianity because he is responding to another faction of scholars who tried to assimilate the two, but, unfortunately, in doing so Burkert makes a number of misleading (and, some would say, wrong) arguments about the nature of mystery religion and the mentality of its devotees. It is for these reasons that I recommend this book highly to someone who already knows enough to recognize when Burkert is making controversial statements and would not take him at face value.
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Title: The Ancient Mysteries: A Sourcebook : Sacred Texts of the Mystery Religions of the Ancient Mediterranean World by Marvin W. Meyer ISBN: 081221692X Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press Pub. Date: 01 May, 1999 List Price(USD): $19.95 |
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Title: Greek Religion by Walter Burkert ISBN: 0674362810 Publisher: Harvard University Press Pub. Date: 01 March, 1987 List Price(USD): $23.50 |
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Title: The Mystery-Religions: A Study in the Religious Background of Early Christianity by Samuel Angus ISBN: 0486231240 Publisher: Dover Publications Pub. Date: 01 February, 1975 List Price(USD): $13.95 |
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Title: The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries: Cosmology and Salvation in the Ancient World by David Ulansey ISBN: 0195067886 Publisher: Oxford University Press Pub. Date: 01 February, 1991 List Price(USD): $14.95 |
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Title: The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age (REVEALING ANTIQUITY) by Walter Burkert, Margaret E. Pinder ISBN: 067464364X Publisher: Harvard University Press Pub. Date: 01 December, 1995 List Price(USD): $19.95 |
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