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Title: A Celebration of Neurons: An Educator's Guide to the Human Brain by Robert Sylwester ISBN: 0-87120-243-3 Publisher: Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development Pub. Date: 15 July, 1995 Format: Paperback Volumes: 1 List Price(USD): $18.95 |
Average Customer Rating: 3.75 (4 reviews)
Rating: 4
Summary: A Celebration of New Research
Comment: If one part of the human body can be considered essential to the process of education, it would no doubt be the human brain. Everything we learn, everything we think, everything we believe, and even everything we are is, at least in a biological sense, located in these six pounds of folded organic tissue. Thus as educators, we are key facilitators in the development of this crucial body part and need to know as much as possible about it. To this end, Robert Sylwester has researched and written a key work: A Celebration of Neurons.
In his own words, Sylwester wrote the book in order to provide "a functional understanding of these significant developments [in the cognitive sciences] to be able to comprehend the growing scientific and professional writing in this field; discuss, develop, and evaluate proposed educational applications; and effectively teach students about brain mechanisms and processes." In order to do this, Sylwester has researched well over 150 sources and concisely simplified and summarized them for easy understanding. The key difference between Celebration and other treatises on the cognitive sciences is in its direct application of its findings to educational theory, and to changes that can be made in order to better meet the educational needs of our students.
After a brief introduction and rationalization of his work in chapter one, Sylwester focuses each of his subsequent chapters upon six key issues in the cognitive sciences today. Chapter two illustrates the brain's construction on a cellular and systemic level. Here we see the organization of the brain and its basic physical and chemical functions. Chapter three explores the way in which the brain interacts with the world outside the skull through the senses and the motor system. Both of these chapters have little to offer in concrete suggestions for teaching, being intended instead to provide the information necessary to understand the later parts of the book.
In chapter four, Sylwester explains how the brain focuses on specific sensory information. Most intriguing is his focus on the role that emotion plays in making these critical decisions. While traditional educational theory has up to this point advocated the division between emotional and rational content, the author instead suggests that it is better to acknowledge that emotion is an inseparable part of attention and cannot be ignored, but rather must be worked through. To this end, he provides six guidelines by which educators can accommodate this as well as two others to reflect the biochemical and physiological functions of focusing attention.
Chapter five concerns itself with memory. After a brief introduction into the various types of memory, Sylwester explores the processes by which short-term information is either converted to long-term memories or forgotten. The most fascinating section of this chapter is the explanation of how memory is maintained and managed. Current research supports the theory that many of the activities in which humans engage, from sleep and dreaming to watching television to telling stories and even engaging in conversation, are primarily designed to promote the reinforcement and refinement of memories gained during more active periods. Education, too, is part of this process, to bring in and to maintain cultural memories (which Sylwester terms formal societal memories) that we want to pass on to our progeny.
Chapter six explores the most complex quality of the human brain - its problem-solving capabilities. The pathways and processes used in the cortex are covered, as are new theories about multiple intelligences and brain specialization for specific cognitive tasks. But Sylwester also goes beyond the simple biological mechanics and psychological conveyances of the process to go beyond the brain. He explicitly makes reference to three other problem-solving stratagems that human brains use. They "borrow" other brains by cooperating with other people, they increase their capacities through technologies such as telescopes and computers, and finally, altering the brain's function through outside chemical substances. Chapter seven is in many ways a brief supplement to this latter part of chapter six - explaining how the brain reacts to its environment.
The major strength of this work is its relative accessibility. To paraphrase an old cliché, it may be about recent findings in neuroscience, but one does not have to be a brain surgeon to understand it. Through a mixture of explanations, analogies, and clear diagrams, Sylwester seemingly effortlessly takes us through this complex maze. Despite this simplicity, Sylwester does provide a comprehensive survey of the subject, covering all the main ideas and facts necessary for people who work with brains as an abstract construct. Furthermore, Sylwester never forgets that his intended audience is made up of educators and conscientiously links the information he provides with potential applications for it in the classroom.
The one mistake that Sylwester does make, however, is his use of various shifting models in his explanations. On one page, the brain is an extensive library. On another it is a rich, jungle ecosystem. The use of the shifting and inaccurate analogies tends to confuse the reader and work against its otherwise exemplary level of clarity. Even Sylwester himself warns of the dangers of using such models extensively, pointing out that the brain and nervous system is a dynamic and self-maintaining system, while most analogies presented are static and require outside management. Another important caveat about this particular book is that neuroscience is now advancing at an incredible rate - even in the five years since its original publication, Celebration is beginning to become outdated.
Overall, however, this book will prove invaluable not only to educators (although they will be able to make better use of the suggestions provided) but to anybody with a vested interest in learning. As long as the brain is the central medium through which every child and adult acquire, process, and maintain information, we are best served by tailoring such acquisition, procedure, and maintenance to the processes by which this remarkable organ functions. Without any doubt, Celebration will provide you with a practicable, if not intimate, knowledge of those processes.
Rating: 1
Summary: The Author is Out of His Depth
Comment: A quick glance at the length of the bibliography makes it clear that this thin volume has little to do with the many "sources" listed. Like a middle schooler trying to impress a teacher on a research paper, the author lists books and articles that cover such a breathtaking range of the neurosciences that there is simply nobody who could write such a brief summary and use even a small part of each of them. My guess is, he has not read most of them. There are several examples of sources cited to support points which those sources do not, in fact, support - and may even refute. But this is the way with so many educators who claim to be using "brain research" as a basis for so many silly classroom concepts: start with the teaching method or curriculum, and selectively pick out parts of research that appears to support it. That's not scientific, and neither is this book. Rather than even try to support the notion that the research can actually be used in this way, Sylwester simply accepts that shaky premise, and goes on with the lesson. Credit his honesty, though. From the start, Sylwester makes clear that he does not believe most educators understand the cognitive neurosciences well enough to apply the research. Unfortunately, if they wish to read a single volume to expand their scientific understanding, this book isn't it.
Rating: 5
Summary: Your Owner's Manual
Comment: If you have a brain, you need this book. This entertainingly informative approach to explaining the brain's care and mantainance is easy to understand and engrossing. It explains everything from how you dream to how you pick up a pencil off of the floor. Environment and diet are addressed as well as the growth process and some diseases. At times, I did have to set the book aside to contemplate what I was learning, but it was easy to digest (a process which is also outlined in the book).
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Title: Teaching With the Brain in Mind by Eric Jensen ISBN: 0871202999 Publisher: Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development Pub. Date: 01 April, 1998 List Price(USD): $21.95 |
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Title: Inside The Brain : Revolutionary Discoveries of How the Mind Works by Kotulak ISBN: 0836232895 Publisher: Andrews McMeel Publishing Pub. Date: 01 August, 1997 List Price(USD): $12.95 |
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Title: Making Connections: Teaching and the Human Brain by Renate Nummela Caine, Geoffrey Caine ISBN: 0201490889 Publisher: Pearson Learning Pub. Date: June, 1994 List Price(USD): $19.95 |
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Title: The Owner's Manual for the Brain: Everyday Applications from Mind-Brain Research by Pierce J. Howard ISBN: 1885167415 Publisher: Bard Press Pub. Date: January, 2000 List Price(USD): $29.95 |
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Title: How the Brain Learns, 2nd Edition (Text & Manual) by David A. Sousa ISBN: 0761977651 Publisher: Corwin Press Pub. Date: 11 September, 2000 List Price(USD): $39.95 |
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