Order from a Major Online Bookstore
Ultimate Book Price Comparison Engine
Save Your Time And Money
| AnyBook4Less.com | Order from a Major Online Bookstore |
|
| Home | Store List | FAQ | Contact Us | | ||
| Ultimate Book Price Comparison Engine Save Your Time And Money |
||
 |
Title: Turkey's Kurdish Question by Henri J. Barkey, Graham E. Fuller, Morton Abramowitz ISBN: 0-8476-8553-5 Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing (via NBN) Pub. Date: April, 1998 Format: Paperback Volumes: 1 List Price(USD): $34.95 |
Average Customer Rating: 3.57 (7 reviews)
Rating: 4
Summary: Clear Analysis of Kurdish Problem in Turkey
Comment: In their book, Turkey's Kurdish Question, Henri Barkey and Graham Fuller provide a comprehensive historical and current analysis of the Kurdish problem in Turkey. The Kurds seek to establish legal recognition and rights, freedom of cultural expression, economic concessions, decreased security presence, etc. from Turkey, a state that has largely been unsuccessful in dealing with this ethnic minority. Barkey and Fuller speak to policymakers in Turkey in addition to other international actors by raising a number of policy questions and solutions toward the Kurdish problem. The book recognizes that dealing with ethnic minorities is not unique to Turkey and in this way shows that it is definitely plausible to arrive at solutions to this ethnic issue. The authors illustrate the ways in which the Kurdish question is not one to be dealt with lightly, instead, it deserves immediate attention and reform policies from the Turkish government. The implications of the Kurdish issue impacts surrounding Arab nations, which also have Kurdish inhabitants, as well as the international community.
In the historical account of the book, we see how the Kurds were integrated into the Ottoman Empire as Sunni Muslims. With the new Turkish republic, however, came the nation's undertaking to turkify the people and eradicate any perceived opposition to the republic. The existence of a Kurdish identity posed a threat to that of the Turks; subsequently, policies of assimilation, and a rejection of the Kurdish language and cultural links took hold.
The revolutionary Kurdistan Workers' party (PKK), sought to obtain an independent Kurdish state, which would lie within the established borders of Turkey. The PKK launched military attacks against the state in order to meet their political ends, though the authors have noted that recently the PKK has been moving towards negotiating with Turkey. Turkey opposes any political parties, which represent the Kurds, which has in effect allowed for the PKK to become the dominant force on the Kurdish issue. The authors acknowledge that the Kurdish problem is outside of the PKK alone, and deals with a growing Kurdish identity.
Barkey and Fuller identify the governmental institutions in Turkey where Kurdish policy is dealt with. The institutions and their policies indicate that they believe that the Kurdish problem is characterized by threats to security, and internal order. "Hence, if the violence can be suppressed, then most of the problem will be taken care of" (p. 134). The Kurdish problem is essentially an ethnic one, and it is crucial, as the authors point out, for Turkey to recognize that the Kurdish issue deserves an ethnic solution. In addition to economic reforms and increased political freedoms for the Kurds, the Turkish government must accept the existence of a Kurdish identity and allow them to express their cultural independence. Turkey already has a democratic structure in place and needs to be further democratized.
It is in my opinion that the most consequential argument of Barkey and Fuller's lies in their description of solutions to the Kurdish problem. The authors demonstrate how the Kurdish question in Turkey is far from changing one policy but changing policies and institutions on many different levels. They indicate that a practical and peaceful resolution to the issue lies between the extremes of suppressing a Kurdish identity and creating a Kurdish state, none that provide sound resolutions to the problem.
Ultimately, Turkey has not been able to secure a "trusting" relationship with their citizens. This distrust is evident in the strong military presence and control in the southeast and the illegality of Kurdish political parties. However, it is clear that the Turkish state has not been successful in suppressing the freedoms and identity of the Kurds since they continue to pursue their political goals and make claims to their ethnicity. The fact also remains that, "the state holds virtually all the cards: The Kurds themselves have almost nothing to concede in negotiations ..." (p. 181). Barkey and Fuller appropriately account for the fact that Turkey has issues with dismemberment and finds cultural identities as threats to a broad national identity.
Turkey's southeast region, where Kurds largely reside, suffers from severe economic, political, and social underdevelopment. The southeast is economically poorer relative to the rest of Turkey; characterized by a strong military presence; the Kurds are denied cultural expression; and lack adequate education. Such neglect only exacerbates feelings of Kurdish alienation from the state and separatism. The possibility of creating a pan-Kurdish state will be difficult and may not actually be the best solution, "but preservation of the present Turkish state is still a possibility..." (p. 205). Thus, it is crucial for the Turkish government to implement economic, political and social reforms so that the Kurdish population is recognized as a legitimate ethnic group that can be incorporated into Turkey.
For nations in the West, Turkey is a crucial link to other Muslim countries in the Middle East. For fears of developing a hostile relationship with Turkey, the United States does not apply pressure to change Turkey's policies on the Kurdish issue, since it is a strategic ally to the United States. Turkey still faces some pressures to deal with the Kurdish issue more effectively since it seeks to join the European Union. However, Turkey still struggles to incorporate and effectively solve their ethnic problem in the same way that many other Muslim countries have failed.
The authors of Turkey's Kurdish Question present us with a lucid account of the Kurdish problem in Turkey. The book is a significant contribution to the subject as it brings to light a complicated issue that is not openly discussed in Turkey.The authors provide a number of solutions in their book, which do not necessarily guarantee Turkey's success in dealing with the Kurdish issue. Nothing for that matter truly does. The Kurdish issue is one of great complexity and depends heavily on the acceptance of a Kurdish identity in the Turkish government and it's initiatives to resolve the issue.
Rating: 2
Summary: Deeply concerned
Comment: Either some of the reviewers here are hijacking the website to advocate their biased views, or the book has left them vastly misinformed.
There is a Kurdish issue in Turkey - as the many adverse European Court of Human Rights judgments against Turkey have proved. Human rights violations of the most severe nature continue - including murders, disappearances, torture, rape, fabricated criminal charges, property destruction and more. The assertions by the reviewer that "there is no Kurdistan" and "there is no Kurdish issue in Turkey, but there is a terrorist issue, that is the bloody PKK and its followers..." is clearly not an objective viewpoint. 1) Are you saying the "Kurdish issue" is equatable with "a terrorist issue" - ie all Kurds are terrorists? 2) The PKK has been on ceasefire for over 2 years 3) This ignores the other Kurdish parties such as HADEP, KDP, PUK. In fact, a very big part of the "Kurdish issue" is this very problem - Turkey's labelling of all Kurds as "PKK terrorists" in order to justify human rights violations.
As for "there is no Kurdistan" - although Turkey seeks to obscure its existence, the term has existed since the 13th century (long before Turkey, Iran and Iraq borders were drawn). Kurds were even guaranteed autonomy of it after WW1, but the treaty was ignored because of subsequent diplomatic cowardice. If Kurdistan were formally recognised, it would stretch across the borders of Turkey, Iraq and Iran for some distance of 200,000 square miles - roughly the same as France.
The investments made by Turkey in areas populated by Kurds have been made to rebuild areas destroyed by Turks. This sounds like a positive step - except that the areas are being rebuilt in a way which enables the Turkish state to keep a close eye on Kurdish activities in the regions. Furthermore, it is incorrect to say it has mostly been without the aid of international financial institutions. (eg the enormous GAP project). Why, as the previous reviewer states, should "no foreign elements be allowed into this matter"? While personally I resent globalisation, Turkey cannot reap the benefits of NATO membership, international investment, and seek to join the European Union, without a corresponding loss of sovereignty. (Similarly, while the solutions in the book are described as being "ineffably American" by one of the few decent reviewers here - isn't that really the concomitant of signing international treaties and joining international organisations, as Turkey has volunteered to do?) Most of the authors' recommendations for "solving the Kurdish problems" are already Turkey's legal obligations as a signatory of the European Convention on Human Rights. (The real question is why isn't the international community forcing Turkey to keep its' promises.....) But, as a solution to the problem of Kurdish human rights violations, "stop breaking human rights law you voluntarily signed, Turkey" seems an obvious starting point.
I am extremely cynical that a Kurd in Diyarbakir would seriously maintain there was no Kurdish problem there. Perhaps he means that the Kurdish problem is more concentrated in rural areas, and he does not come across it in daily life in Diyarbakir. This would still acknowledge that a Kurdish problem does exist. If he means there is no Kurdish problem in Turkey... Then I'm afraid I find his claim to be Kurdish very hard to believe.
Just to be even more cynical, there seems enormous disparity between the numbers of readers who have "found the reviews useful" here. Tim Dinch and Diyarbakir Reader - you wouldn't be clicking on your own reviews to recommend them, would you? Perhaps because of large numbers of readers who have found your reviews "unhelpful"... did 87 people *really* find your book review ("I disagree with the author about issues such as Kurdish issue and Kurdistan") helpful?
Rating: 2
Summary: Turkey's Kurdish Question.
Comment: In the heat of the United Nations debate in 1948 surrounding the decision to create a Jewish state, Warren Austin, the American ambassador, vented his frustration by calling on Arabs and Jews to "settle this problem in a true Christian spirit." Fifty years later, his appeal is still laughingly remembered. Barkey and Fuller, two specialists on Turkey, write nothing so silly in their attempt to find ways for Turks and Kurds to make peace, but their recommendations do have a comparably provincial quality: basically, they want those two peoples to solve their problem in what might be called "a true American spirit." That is, after a spirited survey of the Kurdish issue, they offer a host of recommendations, every one of which is reasonable, desirable, sensible-and ineffably American. Recognize the Kurdish language, they say, end government propagandizing, give up attempts to establish a unitary ethnic polity, redress economic ills, reduce the security presence, legalize the Kurdish political parties, withdraw the military from politics, permit greater freedom of expression, decentralize the government, and experiment with federalism.
Even so, the authors do not guarantee these demanding steps will do the trick, conceding only that they offer a possibility for the present Turkish state to remain intact. But Barkey and Fuller probably overestimate the chances of Americanizing Turkish politics, just as they underestimate the staying power of the Turkish Republic. The region's states (like Lebanon and Iraq) may be held together with string and sealing wax, but they do seem to survive, at no matter what the cost. Even without fulfilling our authors' recommendations, today's Turkey seems likely to remain whole.
Middle East Quarterly, March 1999
 |
Title: The Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd ISBN: 0142001740 Publisher: Penguin USA (Paper) Pub. Date: 28 January, 2003 List Price(USD): $14.00 |
Thank you for visiting www.AnyBook4Less.com and enjoy your savings!
Copyright� 2001-2021 Send your comments
