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Whiplash Injuries: Current Concepts in Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Cervical Whiplash Syndrome

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Title: Whiplash Injuries: Current Concepts in Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Cervical Whiplash Syndrome
by Robert, Md., Ph.D. Gunzburg, Marek, Md. Szpalski
ISBN: 0-397-51856-0
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers
Pub. Date: 15 January, 1998
Format: Hardcover
Volumes: 1
List Price(USD): $129.00
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Average Customer Rating: 4.67 (3 reviews)

Customer Reviews

Rating: 4
Summary: Excellent Introduction to the Topic
Comment: As a chiropractic physician and EMT, I highly recommend this book. It is mostly balanced, and includes most sides of the whiplash story. As the reviewer below states (not the copycat reviewer claiming to be a "chiropractor" and who I am sure is NOT a chiropractor), there are some important omissions.

First, it is sad to see only one submission from a crash test researcher (Castro). There are so many researchers performing crash tests which are better designed studies than Castro's, that it is sad to see. By far the most important crash test research in the past ten years is by the Japanese researchers Kaneoka, Ono and others. As the reviewer below correctly points out, these researchers have forever changed the way we look at whiplash. They discovered that in a rear-end (whiplash-producing) collision at very low speeds (5 mph), the human neck takes on an "S-shaped" configuration. The lower neck hyperextends while the upper neck flexes. The lower neck suffers injury (as the researchers state, the lower joints move beyond their physiologic limit) because the IAR, or instantaneous axis of rotation of the vertebrae changes, putting great stress on the cervical facet joints.

The facets are like the struts of the spine. There are two facets per spinal level. They are synovial joints, like the finger joints. When the neck gets "whiplashed", the facets get crushed and are responsible for non-classical referred pain to the head, neck, shoulders, upper back and upper extremities. Damaged facets are the culprit in chronic pain after whiplash. All the studies that look at litigating whiplash claimants show that their chronic pain persists long after their cases settle. Tens of studies ove rthe past fifty years have shown this.

The facets (also called "z" joints, or zygapophyseal joints) are a major part of the problem, and the Japanese research has confirmed research by one of the world's foremost pain researchers, Nikolai Bogduk, PhD from Australia. Bogduk has been researching the facets for several years in whiplash patients, and has shown conclusively that the facets are responsible for chronic pain and non-classical neurological findings ("non-dermatomal", for you neurologists and real chiropractic physicians). We in medicine all learn about referred pain, but for some reason, in whiplash, we forget about it. Bogduk has changed that. Facet lesions are common, and will hopefully be further demystified for dcotors treating whiplash.

Referred pain is common. We all know about referred pain from the heart during MI (heart attack), shoulder blade pain from gallbladder disease, back pain from PID or prostate CA. It should come as no surprise that injured facets can refer pain, and it has now been shown that they do. Bravo to Bogduk and the editors of this book for including it.

Missing are the brilliant crash tests from MacInnes Engineering of Canada, and many others. Missing is a major critique of the Quebec Task Force, and missing is a thorough critique of Cassidy et al.'s bogus research from Saskatchewan.

However, included is the wonderful Jonnsson research and works by Radanov and others. And fortunately, the junk science by Robert Ferrari and AS Russell, including their fantasy "biopsychosocial" model, is refuted in several chapters by different authors. The studies from Greece and Lithuania are also debunked, and shown to be the flawed studies they truly are.

Recommended reading for all clinicians involved in the treatment of whiplash. The book by Foreman and Croft is also excellent.

Rating: 5
Summary: The most compmlete book about whiplash
Comment: This is one of very few good books written about whiplash associated disoders. I covers the topic from anatomy, biomechanics and pathophysiology (see the remarquable images of Rauschning)to the major economic issues of whiplash injuries. This book very thoroughly covers the psychological issues associated with whiplash and discusses the controversies about the "organicity" of whiplash associated disorders. I recommend this book to any clinician dealing wiith cervical disorders. It will also be of use to injury lawyers and insurance physicians.

Rating: 5
Summary: The Real Encyclopedia of Whiplash
Comment: Excellent! Puts to rest the notion that whiplash is a "lie", that chronic whiplash is a transcontinental, translingual conspiracy among malingerers. Puts to rest the false notions that come to us from the so-called "Lithuanian studies", which are debunked (again) in this book. The chapter by Drs. Freeman and Croft put to rest all of the falsehoods that have come to us from Ferrari, the Lithuanian studies, and the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash-Associated Disorders (who are actually on record as saying that "pain is not harmful"). The QTF on WAD was not a scientific study; it was a consensus of persons, many of whom have almost no experience with whiplash.

The chapter by Jonsson is excellent, showing us all of the organic injuries that occur in whiplash, most of which cannot be seen with even the most advanced imaging such as MRI.

Castro's chapter is one weak part of this book. Castro et al. cannot reach the conclusions they reach based on either their own or all the other research on low-speed rear-impact collisions. They conclude that "the limit of harmlessness" in low speed rear-impact collisions is around 10kph (6.2 mph). The major problem with this statement is that Castro et al. noted symptoms of whiplash injury in 29% of their study subjects, yet ignored their study results when concluding that similar impacts were harmless. The authors contradicted their own study findings in their conclusions.

A better choice on the topic of injury threshold would have been the studies by Siegmund, Brault, McConnell, West, Ono and Kaneoka. It is odd that these studies, most of which show an injury threshold at 2.0-5.0 mph delta V, were ignored by Castro et al. In fact, the Castro chapter cites only 12 references. That is very poor considering the nature of this topic and the many studies available on the topic.

The poorest chapter is the one by Marie Dayton, which says that the "no crash, no cash" policy of insurers makes sense. However, since 70% of all injuries occur at speeds below which there is damage to vehicles (see, West, Croft), this policy has no place in today's insurance company policies. Dayton cites only one reference. The editors have included most viewpoints, even this weak one, to their credit.

Other than that, the Belgians have put together an excellent text which should be an excellent resource for physicians and attorneys who need to care for the whiplash-injured. The fact that Ferrari, Russell and other so-called "experts" are completely ignored is a very good sign for this book. The real experts are here, however, including Radanov, Bogduk, Panjabi, Grauer, Cholewicki, Barnsley, Lord, Dvorak, Croft, Freeman, Svensson, Maigne, Pope, Magnusson, Sturzenegger, and many others.

Missing are Kaneoka, Ono and their Japanese colleagues, who have forever changed the way we look at whiplash injuries.

There are only two other books which come close to opening up one's mind about whiplash: Foreman and Croft's textbook on the topic (Williams & Wilkins, 1995), and a SPINE State of the Art Review text published in 1998 (Gerard Malanga, Ed., Spine Vol. 12, No. 2, May 1998).

Clearly this is one of the top three.

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